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WordPress
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 | |
 WordPress Dashboard | |
| Developer(s) | WordPress Foundation |
|---|---|
| Initial release | May 27, 2003[1] |
| Stable release | |
| Repository |
|
| Written in | PHP |
| Operating system | Unix-like, Windows, Linux |
| Type | Blog software, Content Management System, Content Management Framework |
| License | GNU GPLv2+[3] |
| Website | wordpress |
WordPress (WordPress.org) is a free and open-source content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL.[4] Features include a plugin architecture and a template system. It is most associated with blogging but supports other types of web content including more traditional mailing lists and forums, media galleries, and online stores. Used by more than 60 million websites,[5] including 30.6% of the top 10 million websites as of April 2018,[6][7] WordPress is the most popular website management system in use.[8] WordPress has also been used for other application domains such as pervasive display systems (PDS).[9]
WordPress was released on May 27, 2003, by its founders, Matt Mullenweg[1] and Mike Little,[10][11] as a fork of b2/cafelog. The software is released under the GPLv2 (or later) license.[12]
To function, WordPress has to be installed on a web server, either part of an Internet hosting service like WordPress.com or a computer running the software package WordPress.org in order to serve as a network host in its own right.[13] A local computer may be used for single-user testing and learning purposes.
Contents
Overview[edit]
“WordPress is a factory that makes webpages”[14] is a core analogy designed to clarify what WordPress is & does. It stores your content that allows you to create & publish webpages only requiring a domain and a hosting site to work.
WordPress has a web template system using a template processor. Its architecture is a front controller, routing all requests for non-static URIs to a single PHP file which parses the URI and identifies the target page. This allows support for more human-readable permalinks.[15]
Themes[edit]
WordPress users may install and switch among different themes. Themes allow users to change the look and functionality of a WordPress website without altering the core code or site content. Every WordPress website requires at least one theme to be present and every theme should be designed using WordPress standards with structured PHP, valid HTML (HyperText Markup Language), and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). Themes may be directly installed using the WordPress “Appearance” administration tool in the dashboard, or theme folders may be copied directly into the themes directory, for example via FTP.[16] The PHP, HTML and CSS found in themes can be directly modified to alter theme behavior, or a theme can be a “child” theme which inherits settings from another theme and selectively overrides features.[17] WordPress themes are generally classified into two categories: free and premium. Many free themes are listed in the WordPress theme directory, and premium themes are available for purchase from marketplaces and individual WordPress developers. WordPress users may also create and develop their own custom themes. The free theme Underscores created by the WordPress developers has become a popular basis for new themes.[18]
Plugins[edit]
WordPress’ plugin architecture allows users to extend the features and functionality of a website or blog. As of March 2017, WordPress has over 55,286 plugins available,[19] each of which offers custom functions and features enabling users to tailor their sites to their specific needs. These customizations range from search engine optimization, to client portals used to display private information to logged in users, to content management systems, to content displaying features, such as the addition of widgets and navigation bars. Not all available plugins are always abreast with the upgrades and as a result they may not function properly or may not function at all. Most plugins are available through WordPress themselves, either via downloading them and installing the files manually via FTP or through the WordPress dashboard. However, many third parties offer plugins through their own websites, many of which are paid packages.
Web developers who wish to develop plugins need to learn WordPress’ hook system which consists of over 300 hooks divided into two categories: action hooks and filter hooks.
Mobiles[edit]
Native applications exist for WebOS,[20] Android,[21] iOS (iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad),[22][23] Windows Phone, and BlackBerry.[24] These applications, designed by Automattic, have options such as adding new blog posts and pages, commenting, moderating comments, replying to comments in addition to the ability to view the stats.[22][23]
Other features[edit]
WordPress also features integrated link management; a search engine–friendly, clean permalink structure; the ability to assign multiple categories to posts; and support for tagging of posts. Automatic filters are also included, providing standardized formatting and styling of text in posts (for example, converting regular quotes to smart quotes). WordPress also supports the Trackback and Pingback standards for displaying links to other sites that have themselves linked to a post or an article. WordPress posts can be edited in HTML, using the visual editor, or using one of a number of plugins that allow for a variety of customized editing features.
Multi-user and multi-blogging[edit]
Prior to version 3, WordPress supported one blog per installation, although multiple concurrent copies may be run from different directories if configured to use separate database tables. WordPress Multisites (previously referred to as WordPress Multi-User, WordPress MU, or WPMU) was a fork of WordPress created to allow multiple blogs to exist within one installation but is able to be administered by a centralized maintainer. WordPress MU makes it possible for those with websites to host their own blogging communities, as well as control and moderate all the blogs from a single dashboard. WordPress MS adds eight new data tables for each blog.
As of the release of WordPress 3, WordPress MU has merged with WordPress.[25]
History[edit]
b2/cafelog, more commonly known as b2 or cafelog, was the precursor to WordPress.[26] b2/cafelog was estimated to have been installed on approximately 2,000 blogs as of May 2003.[27] It was written in PHP for use with MySQL by Michel Valdrighi, who is now a contributing developer to WordPress. Although WordPress is the official successor, another project, b2evolution, is also in active development.
WordPress first appeared in 2003 as a joint effort between Matt Mullenweg and Mike Little to create a fork of b2.[28] Christine Selleck Tremoulet, a friend of Mullenweg, suggested the name WordPress.[29][30]
In 2004 the licensing terms for the competing Movable Type package were changed by Six Apart, resulting in many of its most influential users migrating to WordPress.[31][32] By October 2009 the Open Source CMS MarketShare Report concluded that WordPress enjoyed the greatest brand strength of any open-source content management system.
As of February 2017, WordPress is used by 58.7% of all the websites whose content management system is known. This is 27.5% of the top 10 million websites.[6][33]
Awards and recognition[edit]
- Winner of InfoWorld‘s “Best of open source software awards: Collaboration”, awarded in 2008.[34]
- Winner of Open Source CMS Awards’s “Overall Best Open Source CMS”, awarded in 2009.[35]
- Winner of digitalsynergy’s “Hall of Fame CMS category in the 2010 Open Source”, awarded in 2010.[36]
- Winner of InfoWorld‘s “Bossie award for Best Open Source Software”, awarded in 2011.[37]
- Winner of CMS Critic Award’s “Best CMS for Personal Websites”, awarded in 2015.[38]
- WordPress has a five star privacy rating from the Electronic Frontier Foundation.[39]
Release history[edit]
Main releases of WordPress are codenamed after well-known jazz musicians, starting from version 1.0.[40][41]
| Legend: | Old version | Older version, still supported | Current stable version | Latest preview version | Future release |
|---|
| Version | Code name | Release date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.7 | none | May 27, 2003[42] | Used the same file structure as its predecessor, b2/cafelog, and continued the numbering from its last release, 0.6.[43] Only 0.71-gold is available for download in the official WordPress Release Archive page. |
| 1.0 | Davis | January 3, 2004[44] | Added search engine friendly permalinks, multiple categories, dead simple installation and upgrade, comment moderation, XFN support, Atom support. |
| 1.2 | Mingus | May 22, 2004[45] | Added support of Plugins; which same identification headers are used unchanged in WordPress releases as of 2011. |
| 1.5 | Strayhorn | February 17, 2005[46] | Added a range of vital features, such as ability to manage static pages and a template/Theme system. It was also equipped with a new default template (code named Kubrick).[47] designed by Michael Heilemann. |
| 2.0 | Duke | December 31, 2005[48] | Added rich editing, better administration tools, image uploading, faster posting, improved import system, fully overhauled the back end, and various improvements to Plugin developers. |
| 2.1 | Ella | January 22, 2007[49] | Corrected security issues, redesigned interface, enhanced editing tools (including integrated spell check and auto save), and improved content management options. |
| 2.2 | Getz | May 16, 2007[50] | Added widget support for templates, updated Atom feed support, and speed optimizations. |
| 2.3 | Dexter | September 24, 2007[51] | Added native tagging support, new taxonomy system for categories, and easy notification of updates, fully supports Atom 1.0, with the publishing protocol, and some much needed security fixes. |
| 2.5 | Brecker | March 29, 2008[52] | Major revamp to the dashboard, dashboard widgets, multi-file upload, extended search, improved editor, improved plugin system and more. |
| 2.6 | Tyner | July 15, 2008[53] | Added new features that made WordPress a more powerful CMS: it can now track changes to every post and page and allow easy posting from anywhere on the web. |
| 2.7 | Coltrane | December 11, 2008[54] | Administration interface redesigned fully, added automatic upgrades and installing plugins, from within the administration interface. |
| 2.8 | Baker | June 10, 2009[55] | Added improvements in speed, automatic installing of themes from within administration interface, introduces the CodePress editor for syntax highlighting and a redesigned widget interface. |
| 2.9 | Carmen | December 19, 2009[56] | Added global undo, built-in image editor, batch plugin updating, and many less visible tweaks. |
| 3.0 | Thelonious | June 17, 2010[57] | Added a new theme APIs, merge WordPress and WordPress MU, creating the new multi-site functionality, new default theme “Twenty Ten” and a refreshed, lighter admin UI. |
| 3.1 | Reinhardt | February 23, 2011[58] | Added the Admin Bar, which is displayed on all blog pages when an admin is logged in, and Post Format, best explained as a Tumblr like micro-blogging feature. It provides easy access to many critical functions, such as comments and updates. Includes internal linking abilities, a newly streamlined writing interface, and many other changes. |
| 3.2 | Gershwin | July 4, 2011[59] | Focused on making WordPress faster and lighter. Released only four months after version 3.1, reflecting the growing speed of development in the WordPress community. |
| 3.3 | Sonny | December 12, 2011[60] | Focused on making WordPress friendlier for beginners and tablet computer users. |
| 3.4 | Green | June 13, 2012[61] | Focused on improvements to theme customization, Twitter integration and several minor changes. |
| 3.5 | Elvin | December 11, 2012[62] | Support for the Retina Display, color picker, new default theme “Twenty Twelve”, improved image workflow. |
| 3.6 | Oscar | August 1, 2013[63] | New default theme “Twenty Thirteen”, admin enhancements, post formats UI update, menus UI improvements, new revision system, autosave and post locking. |
| 3.7 | Basie | October 24, 2013[64] | Automatically apply maintenance and security updates in the background, stronger password recommendations, support for automatically installing the right language files and keeping them up to date. |
| 3.8 | Parker | December 12, 2013[65] | Improved admin interface, responsive design for mobile devices, new typography using Open Sans, admin color schemes, redesigned theme management interface, simplified main dashboard, “Twenty Fourteen” magazine style default theme, second release using “Plugin-first development process”. |
| 3.9 | Smith | April 16, 2014[66] | Improvements to editor for media, live widget and header previews, new theme browser. |
| 4.0 | Benny | September 4, 2014[67] | Improved media management, embeds, writing interface, easy language change, theme customizer, plugin discovery and compatibility with PHP 5.5 and MySQL 5.6.[68] |
| 4.1 | Dinah | December 18, 2014[69] | Twenty Fifteen as the new default theme, distraction-free writing, easy language switch, Vine embeds and plugin recommendations. |
| 4.2 | Powell | April 23, 2015[70] | New “Press This” features, improved characters support, emoji support, improved customizer, new embeds and updated plugin system. |
| 4.3 | Billie | August 18, 2015[71] | Focus on mobile experience, better passwords and improved customizer. |
| 4.4 | Clifford | December 8, 2015[72] | Introduction of “Twenty Sixteen” theme, and improved responsive images and embeds. |
| 4.5 | Coleman | April 12, 2016[73] | Added inline linking, formatting shortcuts, live responsive previews, and other updates under the hood. |
| 4.6 | Pepper | August 16, 2016[74] | Added streamlined updates, native fonts, editor improvements with inline link checker and content recovery, and other updates under the hood. |
| 4.7 | Vaughan | December 6, 2016[75] | Comes with new default theme “Twenty Seventeen”, Video Header Support, PDF preview, custom CSS in live preview, editor Improvements, and other updates under the hood. |
| 4.8 | Evans | June 8, 2017[76] | The next-generation editor. Additional specific goals include the TinyMCE inline element / link boundaries, new media widgets, WYSIWYG in text widget. End Support for Internet Explorer Versions 8, 9, and 10. |
| 4.9 | Tipton | November 16, 2017[77] | Improved theme customizer experience, including scheduling, frontend preview links, autosave revisions, theme browsing, improved menu functions, and syntax highlighting. Added new gallery widget and updated text and video widgets. Theme editor gives warnings and rollbacks when saving files that produce fatal errors.[78] |
| 5.0 | Bebo | December 6, 2018[79] | New block based editor Gutenberg with new default theme “Twenty Nineteen”. |
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